Vagrant and VirtualBox are not the same VMs.
You need to evaluate what will be the best soltution for you. Without any changes the VM won’t get any IP in your local network and is only reachable on localhost. But you seems to have changed that - in t hat case, you need to do the things from the documentation: Shopware 6 - Setting Up a Local Environment with Virtual Box
Especially the part with the sales-channel configuration, otherwhise your sales channel won’t work any more (see your specific error message)
First call the admin via http://IPoftheVM/admin
Now it is necessary to adjust the URL for the sales channel „Storefront“ in the section „Domains“ to http://IPoftheVM
After you have saved the URL change, you can directly call the frontend via IPoftheVM
The VM from our documentation works out of the box, without any changes needed (only if you want an advanced configuration like NFS-Shares)
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Download it
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Import it to your virtual box
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run it in virtual box
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connect via SSH and execute „sw6“ to get the current master of development
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open 127.0.0.1:8080